The results, which were published in the journal Physical Review Letters, strongly backed Bell’s Theorem. Related: 10 mind-boggling things you should know about quantum entanglement This technique allowed the researchers to see how, if at all, their measurements of one photon affected the other photon in an entangled pair. A photon hits the metal and turns it back into a normal electrical conductor for a split second, and scientists can see that happen. Shalm and his colleagues used special metal strips cooled to cryogenic temperatures, which makes them superconducting, meaning they have no electrical resistance. One of those studies was led by Krister Shalm, a physicist with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado. Alice and Bob represent photon detectors, which NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the National Institute of Standards and Technology developed. This cartoon helps explain the idea of entangled particles. In 2015, however, three different research groups were able to perform substantive tests of Bell’s Theorem, and all of them found support for the basic idea. Perplexed, Einstein famously described this entanglement phenomenon as “spooky action at a distance.” How to test quantum entanglementįor more than 50 years, scientists around the world experimented with Bell’s Theorem but were never able to fully test the theory. For example, Albert Einstein had shown years before Bell proposed his theorem that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Bell’s Theorem is regarded as an important idea in modern physics, but it conflicts with other well-established principles of physics. In 1964, physicist John Bell posited that such changes can be induced and occur instantaneously, even if the particles are very far apart. Related: How quantum entanglement works (infographic) Despite their vast separation, a change induced in one will affect the other. Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon that explains how two subatomic particles can be intimately linked to each other even if separated by billions of light-years of space.
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